科技常识：CentOS6.3 KVM如何设置网卡为桥接模式

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KVM的默认网络模式为NAT，就是说借助宿主机模式上网，现在我们想改成桥接模式，这样外界就可以直接和宿主机里的虚拟机通讯了。 1，首先看一下默认的网络设置 复制代码代码如下: # cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml <network> <name>default</name> <uuid>1f118032-0345-4725-adcf-6b94f6aca19c</uuid> <bridge name="virbr0"/> <mac address='52:54:00:F1:6B:6E'/> <forward/> <ip address="192.168.122.1"netmask="255.255.255.0"> <dhcp> <range start="192.168.122.2"end="192.168.122.254"/> </dhcp> </ip> </network> 2，再看一下虚拟机配置文件里面的网络设置 #cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/ubuntu10.04.xml <!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit ubuntu10.04 or other application using the libvirt API. --> <domain type='kvm'> <name>ubuntu10.04</name> <uuid>2eeb1395-39a2-a169-4da3-f22b20a1d34f</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.3.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu10.04.img'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> 原来是interface type='default' <mac address='52:54:00:50:58:7e'/> <source bridge='br1'/> 原来是source network='default',这里的br1要根据你的物理网卡下面有讲 <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/> <sound model='ich6'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </sound> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> [/code] 3，改完之后要更新一下配置文件 # virsh define ubuntu10.04.xml 定义域 ubuntu10.04（从 ubuntu10.04.xml） #然后就可以virsh start ubuntu10.04了，不过现在物理网卡这块还没有改好 4，物理网卡可以手动更改，不过现在有现成的工具包，可以用这个更改 #wget http://www.convirture.com/downloads/convirture-tools/2.0.1/convirture-tools-2.0.1.tar.gz # tar zxvf convirture-tools-2.0.1.tar.gz # /root/convirture-tools/install/managed_server/scripts/convirt-tool --bridge setup 我的这里出现了点小问题，发现网络没起来，所以不要远程来做这个操作，主要原因是里面的配置文件有点需要 小的更改，我的是UUID注释了。 # ls ifcfg-* ifcfg-br1 ifcfg-br2 ifcfg-br3 ifcfg-br4 ifcfg-em1 ifcfg-em2 ifcfg-em3 ifcfg-em4 ifcfg-lo 我这里有四个物理网卡，所以生成了四个bridge,不过真实用的只有br1 这个工具好有一个好处就是保存了原配置文件，如果你不想用时还可以还原 # ls saved.ifcfg-em* saved.ifcfg-em1.20121128.101114 saved.ifcfg-em3.20121128.101114 saved.ifcfg-em2.20121128.101114 saved.ifcfg-em4.20121128.101114 看下ifceg-em1 # cat ifcfg-em1 DEVICE="em1" #BOOTPROTO=none NM_CONTROLLED="yes" ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" #UUID="3bc7fdcc-42b1-4223-b202-e697305897c8" #IPADDR172.16.10.81 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=172.16.10.254 DNS1=172.16.10.5 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System em1" HWADDR=90:B1:1C:20:4D:A5 BRIDGE=br1 看下ifcfg-br1 # cat ifcfg-br1 DEVICE="br1" BOOTPROTO=none NM_CONTROLLED="yes" ONBOOT=yes #UUID="3bc7fdcc-42b1-4223-b202-e697305897c8" IPADDR=172.16.10.81 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=172.16.10.254 DNS1=172.16.10.5 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System br1" TYPE=Bridge 最后看下网卡 # ifconfig br1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:B1:1C:20:4D:A5 inet addr:172.16.10.81 Bcast:172.16.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::92b1:1cff:fe20:4da5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10219 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3776 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:576031 (562.5 KiB) TX bytes:15928008 (15.1 MiB) em1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:B1:1C:20:4D:A5 inet6 addr: fe80::92b1:1cff:fe20:4da5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10362 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:766684 (748.7 KiB) TX bytes:16489098 (15.7 MiB) Interrupt:35 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:144411 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:144411 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:147381248 (140.5 MiB) TX bytes:147381248 (140.5 MiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:F1:6B:6E inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2028 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1135 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:233311 (227.8 KiB) TX bytes:89372 (87.2 KiB) vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:54:00:50:58:7E inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe50:587e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:161 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:15533 (15.1 KiB) TX bytes:263947 (257.7 KiB) vnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:54:00:B5:1A:19 inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:feb5:1a19/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:794 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:8754 (8.5 KiB) TX bytes:42245 (41.2 KiB) 5,启动虚拟机ubuntu10.04后配置网卡 #cat /etc/network/interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 172.16.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.16.10.254 #/etc/init.d/networking restart 启动即可

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